Study on Store Environment and Merchandising Mix at Big Bazaar

Retailing consists of these business activities concerned within the sale of products and services to shoppers for his or her personal, family, or home use. selling contains of 4 parts client orientation, coordinated effort, value-driven, and goal orientation.

The word "Retail" originates from a French-Italian word. Retailer-someone UN agency cuts off or sheds atiny low piece from one thing. selling is that the set of activities that markets product or services to final shoppers for his or her own personal or home use. It will this by organizing their accessibility on a comparatively massive scale and provision them to customers on a comparatively little scale. merchant could be a Person or Agent or Agency or Company or Organization UN agency is instrumental in reaching the products or Merchandise or Services to the tip User or final client.

The topic “store setting and mercantilism mix” gift in any sales outlet greatly influences the client satisfaction level and also the client perception towards that store. mercantilism is one among the recent issue in todays retail competition world that is incredibly necessary for all the sales outlet to follow that.
This study was done to understand that, do clients area unit extremely glad with the mercantilism combine gift within the massive bazaar and conjointly to search out out however the shop envirnoment influences the looking behaviour of the customer and to understand that section within the massive bazaar have smart mercantilism combine and to understand however the shop setting will be improved.

To study of the shop setting and mercantilism combine in massive bazaar super center, to see the satisfaction level of the shoppers regarding the shop setting and analyze the mercantilism combine to influence on the customer satisfaction level, and to boost the shop setting to extend the sales and to draw in the shoppers, this study helps to boost the setting of the shop to succeed in the client satisfaction level” and improve the mercantilism in massive bazaar super center.

Customer is one whom you satisfy a wish or want reciprocally for a few of payment. The payment could also be cash, time or could also be goodwill however there's bound style of payment. Satisfaction level of someone is felt by comparison product perceived in respect to the person’s expectations.

Satisfaction level is that the operate of the distinction between perceived performance and expectations. If the performance falls wanting expectations, the client won't be glad. If the performance matches the expectations the customer’s area unit extremely glad. If the performance is on the far side his expectations the client is happy or excited.

Customer satisfaction is customer’s positive or negative feeling regarding the worth that was perceived as a results of victimization specific organization’s giving in specific used reaction to a series of use scenario expertise. consistent with peter F. Ducker, the aim of business is to form then retain a glad client. A society supports business as a result of they serve its member’s by business to their desires and leave them glad. If the business discontented  its customer’s and not solely these customers stop availing service , however society at massive can condemn the firm and will even penalize it to the purpose of its extinction.

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Impact of ERP on Organizational Functions in Retail Sector

The business atmosphere has modified additional within the last 5 years than it did within the previous 5 decades. Winning in today’s business climate needs over simply providing high-quality, low-priced product to customers, once and the way the purchasers need them. the power to reply to new client wants and seize market opportunities as they arise, while not compromising on the profitableness of the firm is vital for the success of any organization.

Competitive pressures oftentimes force makers to decrease costs in spite of the very fact that their internal prices still rise. Enterprises area unit unendingly pains to enhance themselves within the areas of quality, time to plug, client satisfaction, performance and profitableness. creating wise business choices during this manner would alter organizations to accomplish their business growth and at a similar time alter them to utilize the knowledge to competitive advantage. to form it attainable for the businesses to execute this vision, there's a necessity for associate infrastructure that may give data across all functions and locations within the organization and this can be the Enterprise Resource coming up with (ERP) answer obtainable within the market these days.

This analysis is an endeavor to check the impact of ERP on the structure processes within the retail sector. The study aims to seek out the strategic blessings that the corporate has gained due the implementation of ERP package. The study conjointly shows the performance level in numerous purposeful areas of the organization attributable to implementation of ERP package. The study conjointly helps organizations establish the potential users for his or her ERP implementation and the way they might more leverage the implementation to attain higher returns on investments.

Beginning within the Eighties, ERP became one in every of the foremost vital events of the Nineties. Over eightieth of worldwide Fortune one thousand firms have put in ERP systems. additional and additional firms ‘turbo-charged’ their business to run at unsafe speed on a transactional backbone referred to as Enterprise Resource coming up with (ERP) system. So, what's ERP? ERP isn't one system, however a framework that features body applications (finance, accounting), producing resources coming up with applications (sales, procurance, production, planning), and human resources applications (payroll, benefits).ERP unites major business processes – order process, account book, and production at intervals one family of computer code modules. ERP is that the backbone of e-business. ERP supports daily business activities, which offer knowledge to everybody within the company, from workplace engineers to the chief suite, for creating choices and taking actions quicker, and additional intelligent.

Market leaders embraced ERP so as to realize operational efficiencies, however the method isn't painless. bear in mind that ERP provides a business foundation. choosing and putting in a brand new ERP answer is one in every of the foremost necessary and costliest endeavors a corporation can ever undertake. It’s conjointly the one business initiative possibly to travel wrong. Technology itself isn’t the sole challenge in managing transformation. Adopting ERP considerably affects a company’s design, processes, individuals and procedures. in concert manage recently said: “ERP isn't a mere systems modification. you're dynamic  the manner individuals have done their jobs for the past twenty years”.

Not all ERP systems area unit created equal. choosing the correct technology and answer supplier is that the key to success. Anyone will promise, however few will really deliver. Deloitte & Touche conducted a study of one,500 firms, all of that had to switch systems purchased at intervals the previous twenty four months. Here area unit the highest 10 getting criteria for choosing software: As firms gained additional expertise and data of ERP systems, they refocused on vendors World Health Organization have a verified log and might build systems work instead of at first providing low costs. it's clearly an upscale lesson learned in a very arduous manner.

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The Impact of Creativity and Wow Factor in Advertising

The approach employed in this report may be a case study approach. It basically deals with 2 aspects; creative thinking and WOW issue. These 2 terms are outlined and therefore the impact they need in advertising has been studied. The objectives of doing such a study were to know creative thinking, to outline it and to search out factors that elicit a WOW response from viewers.

Primary supply of knowledge includes of interaction with individuals from advertising agencies with an inexpensive quantity of expertise. a major a part of the desired info has been collected from this supply. Data collected through the secondary supply includes the theoretical aspects of advertising and creative thinking further as quotations from varied advertising men.

The case studies were rigorously hand picked once innumerous discussions with professionals from the advertising fraternity. The cases are documented, analyzed and ‘lessons to be learnt’ are listed. CREATIVITY is maybe the one word that assumes nice importance in any enterprise. More so, within the advertising trade.

Let's examine it closely. Tonnes are written on its important importance. 100 seminars and workshops have not bored with stressing however it's the cornerstone of the trade. I don't suppose anyone queries its importance. creative thinking is de facto one thing that everybody accepts as very important. Then why is it that there's therefore very little of it evident in our work?

Let us step back and question why I dare say there's therefore little evident in our work. however do i assess or choose creativity? Well, i think here is wherever the whole drawback begins. there's no real yardstick by that creative thinking will be exactly measured. How do jury panels choose creativity? terribly straightforward. They specify "impact" and "relevance" as 2 parameters or judge creative thinking.

Having same this you then slip into AN ethereal world wherever advertising associations area unit secured in AN never-ending battle to outline UN agency will truly choose creative thinking. "Obviously, solely artistic individuals ought to be referred to as upon to guage creative thinking," says one huge lobby. "No, decision in people who measure creative thinking as a vicinity of their profession," says another faculty of thought.

Shorn of its niceties, the primary faculty of thought lays out a case wherever creators of creative thinking area unit the simplest judges of it. The second faculty advocates the inclusion of selling folks that in any case choose the creative thinking of agencies on a daily basis within the globe and judge what truly goes resolute the final word client.

Having seen each colleges of thought prevail at completely different periods of your time, i'm qualified to touch upon what goes on within the differing eventualities.

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Impact of Advertisements on Investors at HDFC Standard Life Insurance

This project is managing study on “Impact of advertisement on Investors – A case study in HDFC Standard Life Insurance” The scope of study is regarding the advertisements and therefore the presence of HDFC SLIC with relation to in door advertisements and their advertisements & their effectiveness & out door advertisements, however the folks wish to watch them. to understand the notice within the public like better to watch the ads and medium.

With an enormous cut throat competition in insurance there's a necessity for every company to understand its market share beside numerous side poignant the market share to come back out of the competition because the leader. One has got to have data regarding their product which of the competition and this info has got to be up dated ofttimes as changes square measure quick in data society. The twenty first century the brands square measure less rely on attributes and a lot of rely on awareness, life vogue the associated target customers. the speed of acceleration are therefore high that {increasingly|progressively|more and a lot of} the past can no more be the indicator of the longer term. the main focus of sale can shift worth to Company’s promotions.

Life Insurance is “contract wherever by for a stipulated premium, the insuring company agrees to pay the insured, or his beneficiary, a set total or its equivalent in financial gain upon the happening of death or another such as event.”

The first Indian life assurance company was the oriental life assurance Company, that was started In Bharat in 1818 at Kolkata. variety of players (over 250 in life and regarding a hundred in non-life) principally with regional focus flourished all across the country. but the govt. of Bharat, involved by the unethical standards adopted by some players against the customers, nationalized the business in 2 phases in 1956(life) and in 1972 (non-life).

The Insurance business of the country was then brought beneath two public sector corporations, life assurance Corporation of {india|India|Republic of Bharat|Bharat|Asian country|Asian nation} (LIC) and General Corporation of India (GIC).Reforms were initiated with the passage of Insurance restrictive and Development Authority Bill 1999. IRDA was setup as associate degree freelance regulatory agency, that has place in situ regulation in line with world norms. up to now within the personal sector, twelve life assurance corporations and nine general insurance corporations are registered.

HDFC customary life assurance Company could be a joint agreement between two corporations. customary Life is one among the leading insurance corporations within the world. it absolutely was incorporated in fourteenth. August 2000.

The scope of study is regarding the advertisements and therefore the presence of HDFC SLIC with relation to in door advertisements and their advertisements & their effectiveness & out door advertisements, however the folks wish to watch them. to understand the notice within the public like better to watch the ads and medium. A method of finding an answer to a haul or a matter through the utilization of scientific tools & techniques. it's a organized & purposeful study conducted for gift study on. Impact of advertisement on investors, Therefore, marketing research that may be adopted to gather knowledge in associate degree organized manner, with later recording & analyzing of such knowledge that may facilitate to create effective call method.

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Impact of Advertising on Customers in Tata Motors

Advertising is that the dissemination of data regarding a thought, service or a product to compel action in accordance with the intent of the publicist. it's any paid variety of nonpersonnel presentation of concepts, product or service by associate degree known sponsor.

The role of advertising within the promotional set up of a corporation is extremely important. Advertising, whether or not it's on a national, native or direct basis is vital because it will inform, prompt or persuade established or potential customers of the existence of a product or organization, developing a picture through advertising quantity to giving a whole a definite identity or temperament.

A research study on “Impact of advertising on customers in Tata Motors MATRIX” HASSAN was geared toward analyzing the effectiveness of advert.

The survey was conducted at HASSAN through a form for client WHO uses TATA cars. The client were interviewed on the assorted facet like specific programs followed, their awareness regarding advert, their impression regarding the advert, the newspapers etc. the perception with regard to varied attributes like price, range, style/design, value of spares, accessibility of spares, service, whole names, film stars role in advert, and simple purchase were additionally enclosed within the form.

The study additionally created an attempt to know what makes a commercial in style, whether or not it's pictuarization, music, models or humor.

Consumers ar progressively exposed with advertising campaigns during which they're usually confronted with idealised representations of the planet (e.g., idealised things, enticing models). an outsized quantity of studies has shown that advertising presenting idealised pictures will have robust effects on shopper satisfaction and welfare. However, obtained results weren't per one another. Some studies found that advertising had associate degree increasing impact on shopper satisfaction; alternative studies found that advertising had a negative impact and LED to shopper discontentedness. No analysis has ever tried to resolve why conflicting results were obtained during this space of analysis. Moreover, there exists no living shopper behavior model on the results of advertising on shopper satisfaction.

Consumers extremely play a very important and an important role within the success of any advert. Any advert is claimed to be a booming one once customers are drawn to a specific advertising. Advertisements are created by keeping the shopper‟s perspective within the mind so it will attractiveness the correct consumer that the corporate has to target for his or her product. individuals just like the advertisements that attractiveness them or through that they will connect or relate themselves. a number of the emotional advertisements additionally extremely work on customers because the customers feel that somebody like them is additionally victimization that product.

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Effective Supply Chain Management as a Strategic Advantage

TSS was established in 1913 and since then it has been in Sirsi. The products have got their own brand image and also customers. Based on the service provided by TSS to its customers we can know how the organization considers its customers and its products to the customers.

A study Effective supply chain management as a strategic advantage at TSS is undertaken for assessing the supply towards the customers and to understand the expectations of the customers towards arecanut and its products which will in turn help to take appropriate action by the management for removing the loop holes.

To interrogate customer‘s area-sampling system was adopted, since the population is undefined so 50 customers were interrogated to elicit the information, which are analyzed, interpreted and placed under with comments, charts and findings. The idea that customers prefer one product or one service over another is not new.

The ability to identify and measure the elements of such preference decisions with any accuracy and reliability has only recently become available. Most importantly, we have come to realize that high customer satisfaction does not assure continued customer Preference. Satisfaction research over the past fifteen years demonstrates that high satisfaction scores, while a measure of organization performance on a set of important criteria, do not adequately explain the composition of preference formation and therefore often serve as insufficient predictors of sustained preference or what is normally referred to as customer loyalty.

The co-operative society in India has a significant role to play in the economy. Enormous intermediaries are dependant for managing supply chain in the sector, like wholesalers and retailers. Due to this, the sector is engulfed with unhealthy cut throat competition among themselves and because of this its being cumbersome task for the marketers to create awareness about their product, brand and to induce consumers.

The TSS has its business presence across Karnataka and the consumers are scattered among various elements like geographical, religion, age, occupational, economic etc. Management needs to know the supply chain information in order to make sound decisions. Surveys on customer, retailers, and wholesalers can produce favorable or unfavorable result, but brings a number of benefits to management.

A study on supply chain helps to understand the performance of the organization and the behavior of the customers and the merchandisers. The study of supply chain indicates the expectations of the firm. Customer preference helps to understand the loyalty of the customer towards the products. The management finds a possible way to fulfill the expectations of customers and wholesalers and attracts new customers and wholesalers.


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Brand Awareness of Spencer's and Comparative Analysis with Big Bazaar

Spencer's Retail in India is in an enviable but challenging position instead of trying to generate new business, it is struggling to keep up with explosive growth. Approximately two years ago, the company had approximately 60 stores and 4,000 employees; today, it has more than 350 stores and 15,000 employees.

By 2004 the retail industry was growing rapidly in India, and Spencer's Retail decided to pursue an aggressive expansion strategy. The company had the customers, the products, and the employees to make it happen. It just needed an IT infrastructure that could support rapid growth. Current servers were at capacity, and the company needed to upgrade before adding new stores. Amit Mukerjee, Group CIO of the RPG Group, describes the challenge as part of the learning curve for retail development in India. ―Retailing is a new business in this country. As the business matures, the process matures, and IT systems must evolve accordingly.

The company also needed an enterprise resource planning (ERP) solution to handle critical processes such as supply-chain management. It decided to implement mySAP ERP, now called SAP ERP, and realized the solution needed to run on high-performance servers. Spencer's Retail evaluated several possibilities, including servers from HP, IBM, and Sun Microsystems. It decided to build its IT infrastructure on Sun systems for several reasons. Sun SPARC Enterprise Servers had the performance and scalability needed to sustain its business, and they delivered higher performance at less cost. Sun's knowledge of the retail space in India, as well as its long history with RGP Enterprises, were also deciding factors.

Spencer's Retail chose Sun SPARC Enterprise M5000 servers with four dual-core 2.1 GHz SPARC 64 VI processors as the center of its production environment. Designed for consolidation and virtualization, Sun SPARC Enterprise Servers bring mainframe-class utilization and efficiency levels to the open systems market. Supporting hardware partitions and Solaris Containers, these systems deliver deliver 24/7 mission-critical services while reducing power, cooling, and space requirements.

After an eight-month testing period beginning in early 2005, the company installed the SAP ERP database software on two Sun SPARC Enterprise M5000 servers in a high-availability cluster with Sun Cluster 3.2 software. The disaster recovery solution ensures business continuity with advanced failover protection.The cluster is connected to a Sun StorageTek 6540 array through a Dell Brocade SW200E Switch. ASun StorageTek SL500 Modular Library System is used for data backup as well. The solution also includes Sun SPARC Enterprise T5120, Sun SPARC Enterprise M4000, and Sun Fire V490 servers used to support both production and quality assurance functions.

Spencer's Retail has rolled out its SAP solution to approximately 160 stores and expects to complete deployment to more than 350 stores by October 2008. The company purchased the SunSpectrum Enterprise Service Plan to help support the ambitious project. Indranil Guha, head of the ERP data center at Spencer & Co. says, ―We are always in touch with Sun; we work with it as a partner. Good customer service is very important to us, because we run our entire business on Sun servers.‖

The company is meeting its initial goals for a high-performance solution with room for growth. It has already observed that data transactions run as much as five times faster on the new systems. And it estimates that its current solution can easily handle up to 1,000 stores. The company also appreciates that the more energy-efficient and compact design will reduce space and power requirements.

Spencer's Retail plans to enhance its IT environment further with a new disaster recovery site, which will include Sun Fire V890 servers and Sun SPARC Enterprise T5120 servers running Solaris Cluster software connected to a StorageTek 6140 array. It will also use Sun StorageTek Data Replicator Software software to mirror data between the production environment and the remote location. Together with its new server infrastructure, the disaster recover installation will provide the high-performance, high-availability solution the company envisioned. With its business processes running on Sun infrastructure, Spencer's Retail can meet business growth with confidence.

Company Profile Spencer's retail is the largest* supermarket chain in India. We offer a complete range of products & durables, from bread to bed cover; from toothpaste to even television sets. Today Spencer's has 100 stores spread across 25 cities with a retail trading area of more than half a million square feet, and we're growing rapidly. Spencer's is the shopping choice for millions across the country, 2.8 million to be exact, who frequent our stores every month.

Today Spencer's offers its customers a customized and convenient shopping experience in 5 different formats. Each format, namely the Spencer's Express, Spencer's Fresh, Spencer's Daily, Spencer's Super and Spencer's Hyper is differently sized and caters to the various needs of our consumers. We at Spencer's offer a pleasant and delightful shopping experience by ensuring convenient store locations, trusted quality, great value for money and a wide array of products. And these qualities characterize all of our 100 stores, across the country.


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Effectiveness of Various Sales Promotional Activities of Arpita Bajaj

Sales Promotion is a Powerful Marketing Tool. Marketing promotion helps marketers communicate information to potential customer about the products existence value and the benefits that can be accrued from it. It comprises one of the four elements of the marketing mix. Designing and effective marketing communication mix helps marketers to attract persuade, urge and remind customers of the company’s brand.

Consumers have `something' to look forward to and there is also an opportunity given to them to articulate their experiences associated with the brand. This is not to suggest that the typical sales promotion more for same price or `one free' with a purchase should never be done.

To insure an excellent promotion the marketer must create a strong connection between the consumers. The connection must relate to the brand identity, the consumer and the understanding that promotions can and still move more than sales volume.

Compared with that communication option available to marketers in the past, there are now a larger and greater diversity of communication options available. Thus, the design implementation and evaluation of the communication program in the current business scenario pose a significant challenge to marketers.

Sales promotion is a form of attracting the consumers by offering them various benefits in the form of incentives or by adding value to the products. Sales promotions are generally aimed at resellers and final consumers. The various kinds of sales Promotional tools include coupons, discounts, rebates, samples, etc. most often organizations spend more money on sales promotions than on advertising.

The study is aimed at making an analysis of Arpita Bajaj in order to find out which sales promotional activities are helping them to increase their sales. The main rationale behind an analysis is to gain realistic corporate knowledge and for the purpose of value addition.

Management thesis helps in every possible way to get knowledge about sales promotion activities and its impact on Arpita Bajaj. The Findings & Suggestions helps Arpita Bajaj improve their existing strategies and to overcome any obstacles so that it results in long term survival of an organization.

Thesis results provides the data to know how sales promotion activities are building awareness about the organization and its products on a regular basis and what needs to be expected from the customers in return. The study is fully fledged in all magnitude here and the same has been collected by using primary data with market survey and by using questionnaires.

By conducting this study I came to know about the impact and effect of sales promotional activities on Arpita Bajaj and different sales promotion strategy followed by Arpita Bajaj to increase customer and sales.

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Effectiveness of CRM in HDFC Standard Life Insurance into Increase the Sales

The CRM software are one of the great tools for life insurance sector where they can track their customers term insurance, tax saving investments, life insurance, in a customization and user friendly way. Life Insurance in its modern form came to India from England in the year 1818. Oriental Life Insurance Company started by Europeans in Calcutta was the first life insurance company on Indian Soil.

All the insurance companies established during that period were brought up with the purpose of looking after the needs of European community and these companies were not insuring Indian natives. However, later with the efforts of eminent people like Babu Muttylal Seal, the foreign life insurance companies started insuring Indian lives. But Indian lives were being treated as sub-standard lives and heavy extra premiums were being charged on them. Bombay Mutual Life Assurance Society heralded the birth of first Indian life insurance company in the year 1870, and covered Indian lives at normal rates.

Starting as Indian enterprise with highly patriotic motives, insurance companies came into existence to carry the message of insurance and social security through insurance to various sectors of society. Bharat Insurance Company (1896) was also one of such companies inspired by nationalism.

With largest number of life insurance policies in force in the world, Insurance happens to be a mega opportunity in India. It’s a business growing at the rate of 15-20 per cent annually and presently is of the order of Rs 450 billion. Together with banking services, it adds about 7 percent to the coun-try’s GDP. Gross premium collection is nearly 2 per cent of GDP and funds available with LIC for investments are 8 per cent of GDP.

Yet, nearly 80 per cent of Indian population is without life insurance cover while health insurance and non-life insurance continues to be below international standards. And this part of the population is also subject to weak social security and pension systems with hardly any old age income security. It is an indicator that growth potential for the insurance sector is im-mense.

A well-developed and evolved insurance sector is needed for econom-ic development as it provides long term funds for infrastructure development and at the same time strengthens the risk taking ability. It is estimated that over the next ten years India would require investments of the order of one trillion US dollar. The Insurance sector, to some extent, can enable invest-ments in infrastructure development to sustain economic growth of the coun-try.

Insurance is a federal subject in India. There are two legislations that govern the sector- The Insurance Act- 1938 and the IRDA Act- 1999. The insurance sector in India has come a full circle from being an open competi-tive market to nationalization and back to a liberalized market again. Tracing the developments in the Indian insurance sector reveals the 360-degree turn witnessed over a period of almost two centuries.

The history of life insurance in India dates back to 1818 when it was conceived as a means to provide for English Widows. Interestingly in those days a higher premium was charged for Indian lives than the non-Indian lives as Indian lives were considered more risky for coverage.

The Bombay Mutual Life Insurance Society started its business in 1870. It was the first company to charge same premium for both Indian and non-Indian lives. The Oriental Assurance Company was estab-lished in 1880. The General insurance business in India, on the other hand, can trace its roots to the Triton (Tital) Insurance Company Limited, the first general insurance company established in the year 1850 in Calcutta by the British. Till the end of nineteenth century insurance business was almost en-tirely in the hands of overseas companies.

Insurance regulation formally began in India with the passing of the Life Insurance Companies Act of 1912 and the provident fund Act of 1912. Several frauds during 20's and 30's sullied insurance business in India. By 1938 there were 176 insurance companies.

The first comprehensive legislation was introduced with the Insurance Act of 1938 that provided strict State Control over insurance business. The insurance business grew at a faster pace after independence. Indian compa-nies strengthened their hold on this business but despite the growth that was witnessed, insurance remained an urban phenomenon.

The Government of India in 1956, brought together over 240 private life insurers and provident societies under one nationalized monopoly corpo-ration and Life Insurance Corporation (LIC) was born. Nationalization was justified on the grounds that it would create much needed funds for rapid in-dustrialization. This was in conformity with the Government's chosen path of State lead planning and development.

The (non-life) insurance business continued to thrive with the private sector till 1972. Their operations were restricted to organized trade and industry in large cities. The general insurance industry was nationalized in 1972. With this, nearly 107 insurers were amalgamated and grouped into four companies- National Insurance Company, New India Assurance Company, Oriental Insurance Company and United India Insurance Company. These were subsidiaries of the General Insurance Company (GIC).



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A Study on Consumer Behavior towards Bajaj Pulsar 150 CC

This project focuses on consumer behavir towards Bajaj Pulsar 150 CC bike, colours, price, model and specifications in Hassan city. We will start with learning the backgroud of the product. The Encyclopaedia describes a motorcycle as a bicycle or tricycle propelled by an internal-combustion engine (or, less often, by an electric engine).

The motors on minibikes, scooters, and mopeds, are usually air-cooled and range from 25 to 250 cubic cm (1.5 to 15 cubic inches) in displacement, the multiple-cylinder motorcycles have displacements of more than 1,300 cubic cm.
The automobile was the reply to the 19th-century dream of self-propelling the horse-drawn carriage. Similarly, the invention of the motorcycle created the self-propelled bicycle. The first commercial design was a three-wheeler built by Edward Butler in Great Britain in 1884. This employed a horizontal single-cylinder gasoline engine mounted between two steer able front wheels and connected by a drive chain to the rear wheel.

The 1900s saw the conversion of many bicycles, or pedal cycles by adding small, centrally mounted spark ignition engines. There was then felt the need for reliable constructions. This led to road trial tests and competition between manufacturers.

Tourist Trophy (TT) races were held on the Isle of Man in 1907 as reliability or endurance races. Such were the proving ground for many new ideas from early two-stroke-cycle designs to supercharged, multivalent engines mounted on aerodynamic, carbon fiber reinforced bodywork.

The two-wheeler industry today has a significant role in the Indian Economy. With an annual turnover of Rs. 6,200 crores and a compounded average growth of 10 per -cent in the recent years, it is one if the few industrial sectors in the growth phase today. The reasons for this are not far to seek. The consumer’s who wants to be mobile today considers personal transportation as one of his basic needs.

In India, the two-wheeler is used in variety of purposes, particularly in urban areas communicating to work, visiting people, carrying loads, outdoors jobs like selling and the like. In rural areas, it enables people to travel more frequently to nearby towns for their daily needs. In other words, it has also become a valuable support for increasing productivity and profits, besides helping personal transportation.

The year 1997 was a difficult period for the automobile sector with the major sector with major player hit by the recession. However, two- wheelers came through un- scratched with a modest three per cent growth. One of the primary reasons for this has been the robust growth of the rural market. A series of good monsoons and high prices for agricultural commodities have increased the purchasing power of rural customers. Today, the rural market of over six lakhs Indian villages contributes 35 percent to total two wheeler sales.

In the modern world the Motorcycles are playing an important role as a means of convenient transportation. They are really a benefit to mankind. It is deemed to be the best means of transportation to be in the city, in fact it has become a fashion to ride the two wheeler in city, some take it for necessity, someone for prestige or status, someone for fun and others for transportation from one comes to another.

In this project report an attempt is made to bring out the details regarding history, development and dynamic growth of automobiles, growth of “Bajaj Auto Ltd” and competition in present market for two wheelers, attempts have also been made to provide certain suggestions and conclusions for the improvement and development of the product.

In this project report an attempt is made to bring out the details regarding history, development and dynamic growth of automobiles, growth of “Arpita Bajaj” and Competition in present market for two wheelers, attempts have also been made to provide certain suggestions and conclusions for the improvement and development of the product.

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A Study of Customer Satisfaction on After Sales and Services

Customer satisfaction is related to the human activity directed at satisfying human wants through the exchange of goods and Satisfying the customers occupies a most important position in business management. Customer satisfaction plays a crucial and critical role as it deals with customers and their needs. The major task of organization is to satisfy customers by meeting their needs and wants.
The essence of organization is the customer and not the product shall be the heart of the entire business system. It emphasizes on customer oriented business. Policies and programs, which are formulated to serve efficiently the customer demand.

“Satisfaction of a customer is so basic that it cannot be considered as a separate function. It is the way whole business seen from the point of view of its final results i.e., from the customer’s point of view”.

A consumer is the king and has the right to choose from a large variety of offering. He is the main person around which all business evolves. Today market is a more customer oriented in the sense all the business operations revolve around satisfying the customer by meeting their needs through effective

Thus, business is often dynamic, challenging and rewarding. It can also be frustrating and even disappointing but never dull. The topic “A Study of Customer Satisfaction on After Sales and Services” is chosen to study the service provided by Arpita Bajaj who are the dealers of Bajaj Motors in the city of Hassan. This project deals with how Arpita Bajaj defines its consumer and uses its resources in the best way to attract and satisfy their needs and wants competitively and profitably. Here satisfying customers limited only till the service is provided after the sales, but they include all functions necessary to satisfy the customer such as financing, after sales services, etc.

The Arpita Bajaj is one of the leading Bajaj two wheeler outlet in Hassan district. It was established in the year 2000, & its delivering to the customers in and around Hassan & its neighboring districts. For the past 10 years it’s been into the active in promoting two wheeler products but in the recent past since 2008 the sales of two wheeler was dismal due the dissatisfaction among large group of customers due to deteriorating in the quality of after sales services.

Hence the management has felt the need to conduct through analysis about the existing effectiveness of after sales service & its impact on the organization overall sales performance. Hence the management had realized the need to conduct the result oriented analysis through the management trainees. I was glad to accept this assignment from the organization perspective & as a part of MBA curriculum. “A study of customer satisfaction on after sales and service” is the important statement of the problem in this project.

Customer is one for whom you satisfy a want or need in return for some of payment. The payment may be money, may be time, or may be goodwill but there is some form of payment. Satisfaction is the level of person felt state by comparing products perceived in relation to the person’s expectations.

Satisfaction level is function of the difference between perceived performance and expectations. If the performance falls short of expectations, the customer is not satisfied. If the performance matches the expectations the customer’s are highly satisfied. If the performance is beyond his expectations the customer is thrilled.

Customer satisfaction is customer’s positive or negative feeling about the value that was perceived as a result of using particular organization’s offering in specific used reaction to a series of use situation experience. According to peter F. Ducker, the purpose of business is to create and then retain a satisfied customer. A society supports business because they serve its member’s by catering to their needs and leave them satisfied. If the business dissatisfied its customer’s and not only these customers stop availing service , but society at large will condemn the firm and may even penalize it to the point of its extinction.

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A Study of Consumer Perception on Big Bazaar

The word "Retail" originates from a French-Italian word. Retailer-someone who cuts off or sheds a small piece from something. Retailing is the set of activities that markets products or services to final consumers for their own personal or household use. It does this by organizing their availability on a relatively large scale and supplying them to customers on a relatively small scale. Retailer is a Person or Agent or Agency or Company or Organization who is instrumental in reaching the Goods or Merchandise or Services to the End User or Ultimate Consumer.

Retail industry is the largest industry in INDIA, with an employment of around 8% and contributing to over 10% of the country's GDP. Retail industry in INDIA is expected to rise 25% yearly being driven by strong income growth, changing lifestyles, and favorable demographic patterns.
It is expected that by 2016 modern retail industry in INDIA will be worth US$ 175-200 billion. INDIA retail industry is one of the fastest growing industries with revenue expected in 2007 to amount US$ 320 billion and is increasing at a rate of 5% yearly. A further increase of 7-8% is expected in the industry of retail in INDIA by growth in consumerism in urban areas, rising incomes, and a steep rise in rural consumption. It has further been predicted that the retailing industry in INDIA will amount to US$ 21.5 billion by 2010 from the current size of US$ 7.5 billion.

Shopping in INDIA has witnessed a revolution with the change in the consumer buying behavior and the whole format of shopping also altering. Industry of retail in INDIA which has become modern can be seen from the fact that there are multi- stored malls, huge shopping centers, and sprawling complexes which offer food, shopping, and entertainment all under the same roof.

INDIA retail industry is expanding itself most aggressively; as a result a great demand for real estate is being created. INDIAN retailers preferred means of expansion is to expand to other regions and to increase the number of their outlets in a city. It is expected that by 2010, INDIA may have 600 new shopping centers.

In the INDIAN retailing industry, food is the most dominating sector and is growing at a rate of 9% annually. The branded food industry is trying to enter the INDIA retail industry and convert INDIAN consumers to branded food. Since at present 60% of the INDIAN grocery basket consists of non- branded items.

INDIAN retail industry is progressing well and for this to continue retailers as well as the INDIAN government will have to make a combined effort. INDIAN retailing industry has seen phenomenal growth in the last five years (2001-2006). Organized retailing has finally emerged from the shadows of unorganized retailing and is contributing significantly to the growth of INDIAN retail sector. The “INDIA Retail Sector Analysis (2006-2007)” report helps clients to analyze the opportunities and factors critical to the success of retail industry in INDIA.

INDIAN retail industry is going through a transition phase. Most of the retailing in our country is still in the unorganized sector. The spread out of the retails in US and INDIA shows a wide gap between the two countries. Though retailing in INDIA is undergoing an exponential growth, the road ahead is full of challenges.

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A Study and Analysis of Customers Perception on the Dairy Products of Karnataka Milk Federation (KMF)

In my Management Thesis, I am going to make “A study and analysis of customer’s perception on the dairy products of KMF (Karnataka Milk Federation) at Hassan city”.

This KMF is serving since 33 years in Hassan city. The products have got their own brand image and also the customers. Though the service which they are providing to their costumers we can know how the organization is serving the customers with its product.

A study on customer’s perception of milk and its milk products with reference to Nandini and is undertaken for assessing the customer’s behavior towards Nandini milk and its milk products and to understand the expectations of the customers towards milk and its milk products which will in turn help to take appropriate action by the management for removing the short falls. For this purpose the following parameters were taken in to consideration and questionnaire was prepared to elicit the information.

To interrogate customer’s area-sampling system was adopted, since the population is undefined a total of 100 respondents were considered to elicit the information, which are analyzed, interpreted and placed under with comments, charts and findings.

The idea that customers prefer one product or one service over another is not new. The ability to identify and measure the elements of such preference decisions with any accuracy and reliability has only recently become available. Research into this area of consumer behavior has brought understanding to some of the major issues with standard customer satisfaction research.

Most importantly, we have come to realize that high customer satisfaction does not assure continued customer preference. Satisfaction research over the past fifteen years demonstrates that high satisfaction scores, while a measure of organization performance on a set of important criteria, do not adequately explain the composition of preference formation and therefore often serve as insufficient predictors of sustained preference or what is normally referred to as customer loyalty.

Loyalty as a concept has also shown itself to be difficult to define. Like beauty, loyalty is truly in the eye of the beholder. We understand there are different types and degrees of loyalty and some of these are not appropriate in describing the relationship between a consumer and a company. However, preference (defined as the power or ability to choose one thing over another with the anticipation that the choice will result in greater satisfaction, greater capability or improved performance) has demonstrated the ability to be effectively measured and to provide meaningful insight into the choices consumers make when selecting one provider over another and when determining to continue a relationship over time.

Preference is formed when the customer is bonded to your company through the establishment of a mutual benefit. Successful companies therefore go beyond delivery of a commodity or service; they pursue the development of a relationship with their customers. This bonded relationship will be more likely to survive competitive attacks than the mere purveying of goods or services or an over reliance on aggressive pricing models.

We evaluate the performance in light of how well the milk Products, service meets our preference expectations.

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A Study to Indicate the Importance of Brand Awareness in Brand Choice

According to theory, consumers choose a brand they recognise, before an unfamiliar brand. If the consumers do not choose according to theories, what are the factors that have a greater effect on the buying behaviour?

There is not much research about the effect of brand awareness on brand choice, which is why this subject was investigated. One of the purposes of this dissertation was to do a research about brand awareness; to see to what extent it matters when purchasing the first time in an unfamiliar environment. One of the objectives was to determine if there were any differences in buying behaviour between the chosen cultures. The research group was limited to the students from China, India and Iran at Kristianstad University. Due to the low number of participants from India, we had to exclude them from our analysis.

The research questions were important since they structured the problem that was to be answered and made it easier to limit the scope of the dissertation. The questionnaires that were handed out reflected our research questions. This made it possible to observe which product the students recognised most and which product they recognised least. The result was used in our analysis. We used the statistic computer program SPSS, to easier see the significance of the results.

The conclusions of the dissertation was that all investigated factors had some importance for choice of brand, while quality had a greater effect on brand choice than brand awareness. Further, there was no difference in buying behaviour between the cultures. Finally, it was not possible to state any differences in buying behaviour the first time compared to today.

Keywords: brand, brand equity, brand awareness, buying behaviour, China, Iran

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Comparative Study on Customer Satisfaction in Services Provided by Maruthi Suzuki and Tata Motors

After-sales is the provision of services, support and spare parts after making an initial sale. This often occurs in the provision of complex machinery which requires regular maintenance such as motor vehicles.

Customer service is the provision of service to customers before, during and after a purchase. The perception of success of such interactions is dependent on employees "who can adjust themselves to the personality of the guest". Customer service concerns the priority an organization assigns to customer service relative to components such as product innovation and pricing. In this sense, an organization that values good customer service may spend more money in training employees than the average organization or may proactively interview customers for feedback.

From the point of view of an overall sales process engineering effort, customer service plays an important role in an organization's ability to generate income and revenue. From that perspective, customer service should be included as part of an overall approach to systematic improvement. One good customer service experience can change the entire perception a customer holds towards the organization.

A customer support is a range of customer services to assist customers in making cost effective and correct use of a product. It includes assistance in planning, installation, training, trouble shooting, maintenance, upgrading, and disposal of a product. These services even may be done at customer's side where he/she uses the product or service. In this case it is called "at home customer services" or "at home customer support".

Regarding technology products such as mobile phones, televisions, computers, software products or other electronic or mechanical goods, it is termed technical support.

Customer service may be provided by a person (e.g., sales and service representative), or by automated means[citation needed]. Examples of automated means are Internet sites. An advantage with automated means is an increased ability to provide service 24-hours a day, which can, at least, be a complement to customer service by persons.

Another example of automated customer service is by touch-tone phone, which usually involves a main menu, and the use of the keypad as options (i.e. "Press 1 for English, Press 2 for Spanish", etc.)
However, in the Internet era, a challenge has been to maintain and/or enhance the personal experience while making use of the efficiencies of online commerce. "Online customers are literally invisible to you (and you to them), so it's easy to shortchange them emotionally. But this lack of visual and tactile presence makes it even more crucial to create a sense of personal, human-to-human connection in the online arena."

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A Study on ULIP Policies Offered by ICICI and HDFC Banks

Risk and uncertainty are incidental to life. Man may meet an ultimately death. He may suffer from accident, destruction of property, fire, sea perils, floods, earthquakes and other natural calamities. Whenever there is uncertainty, there is a risk as well as insecurity. It is to provide against risk and insecurity that insurance.

Came into being. Insurance does not avert or eliminate loss arising from uncertain events; it only spreads the loss over a large number of people who insure themselves against that risk, the main principle underlying insurance is pooling the risks. It is thus a co-operative device to spread the loss caused by a risk over a large number of persons who are also exposed to the same risk and insure themselves against the risk.

This part consists of the details about the Industry profile and company profile, Function of various departments of the company are explained in the section which gives a brief idea about the overall functioning of the company. This part also consists of the organization structure and the organization study of the company with respect to 7-s model of McKinney.

The company should included the special features in the policy like money back, unit linked plans, benefits on critical illness, Major Surgical benefits.

Effective promotional measures should be taking to expand the market share, in order over come competitors. More numbers of branches should be opened and more no of customers are not aware of HDFC pru life insurance polices

HDFC is carrying out less advertisements as compared to the other insurance companies as buyer show buying inertia resistances to buy insurance, hence heavy advertisements expenses is required. The above mentions are including in the recommendation.

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A Study on After Sales and Service in TVS

Customers are support following the purchase of a product or service. In some cases, After-sales service can be almost as important as the initial purchase. The Manufacturer, retailer, or service provider determines what is included in any Warranty (or guarantee) package. This will include the duration of the warranty ―Traditionally one year from the date of purchase, but increasingly two or more Years ―maintenance and/or replacement policy, items included/excluded, labor Costs and speed of response. In the case of a service provider, after-sales service might include additional training or help desk availability of equal importance and also the customer's perception of the degree of willingness with which a supplier deals with a question or complaint, speed of response, and action taken.

Problem Statement

This study develops and tests a conceptual framework relating after sales service in TVS two wheeler urban marketing activities. Specifically, the study tests the relationship between the customer and service provider in the company. This study also offerings the market competition towards relative product quality and market power in the urban distribution channel. Results generally support the brand loyalty of the product and originality of spare parts.The After sales service found to enhance consumer perception of product quality and quality of the service.

Customers support following the purchase of a product or service. In some cases, after-sales service can be almost as important as the initial purchase. The manufacturer, retailer, or service provider determines what is included in any warranty (or guarantee) package. This will include the duration of the warranty€"traditionally one year from the date of purchase, but increasingly two or more years ―maintenance and/or replacement policy, items included/excluded, labor costs, and speed of response.

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Brand Awareness of Mahindra & Mahindra Tractors

India being an agriculture dependent country, farm equipment’s such as tractors have played a very crucial and significant role due to which where we can find the consistency and efficiency in the economy.

In today’s competitive world, a firm has to attract the interest of the customers and satisfy by providing effective service to them consistently as per their taste and requirements. They have to understand and know customer needs and preferences.

Marketing occupies an important position in the organization with regard to business. Peter Ducker, points out that the purpose of marketing or business is “to create a customer”. Few decades back the seller was the king of the market, the simple reason for this was lack of competition.

Marketing is the human activity directed at satisfying human wants through the exchange of goods and service. Marketing management occupies the most important position in business management. Marketing management in a firm is critical as it deals with customers and their needs. The major task of marketing management is to adopt firm‘s resources to market opportunities

The essence of marketing concept is that the customer and not the product shall be the heart of the entire business system. It emphasizes on customer oriented marketing process, plans. Policies and programs, which are formulated to serve efficiently the customer demand.

―Marketing is so basic that it cannot be considered as a separate function. It is the whole business seen from the point view of its final results i.e., from the customer‘s point of view‖.

A consumer is the king and has the right to choose from a large variety of offering. He is the central point and all marketing activities revolve around him. Today market is a more consumer oriented in the sense all the business operations revolve around the customer satisfaction and service.

Thus, marketing is often dynamic, challenging and rewarding. It can also be frustrating and even disappointing but never dull. The topic “A study on the brand awareness of Mahindra & Mahindra Tractors” is chosen to study the Brand Awareness adopted in Sri Ganesh Agro Tractors, dealers for Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd. This project deals with how Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd. defines its consumer target and uses its marketing tools in the best way to attract and satisfy their needs and wants competitively and profitably. Here marketing functions are limited to the function of buying and selling, but they include all functions necessary to satisfy the customer such as financing, after sales services, etc.

Customer oriented marketing approach points out the primary task of business enterprise is to study needs, besides the value of potential customer on the basis of latest and accurate knowledge of marketing demand.

Marketing management usually represents all managerial efforts and functions to operate the marketing concept, not only in letters but also in the spirit. Marketing concept demands customer oriented marketing plans, programs and policies so that the merchants can assume perfect correlation between demand and supply.

Thus, marketing is a matching process by which a producer provides a marketing mix i.e., product, price, promotion and physical distribution that meet consumer‘s demand of a target market within the limits of society.

Finding out ―A study on the brand awareness of Mahindra & Mahindra Tractors‖ is the important statement of the problem in this project.

This will help the firm or company to improve their marketing strategies as well as servicing strategies adopted by them. It also helps them to know their current position in the market.

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Customer Satisfaction on Services Provided by Maruti Suzuki and Tata Motors

Maruti Suzuki India Limited, formerly known as Maruti Udyog Limited, is an automobile manufacturer in India. It is a 56.21%-owned subsidiary of Japanese automobile and motorcycle manufacturer Suzuki Motor Corporation. As of January 2017, it had a market share of 51% of the Indian passenger car market. Maruti Suzuki manufactures and sells popular cars such as the Ciaz, Ertiga, Wagon R, Alto, Swift, Celerio, Swift Dzire, Omni, Baleno and Baleno RS, Ignis. The company is headquartered at New Delhi. In February 2012, the company sold its ten millionth vehicle in India.

Tata Motors Limited (formerly TELCO, short for Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company) headquartered in Mumbai, is an Indian multinational automotive manufacturing company and a member of the Tata Group. Its products include passenger cars, trucks, vans, coaches, buses, sports cars, construction equipment and military vehicles. Tata Motors has been ranked 5th in 2015 Responsible Business Rankings developed by IIM Udaipur.

Tata Motors has auto manufacturing and assembly plants in Jamshedpur, Pantnagar, Lucknow, Sanand, Dharwad, and Pune in India, as well as in Argentina, South Africa, Great Britain and Thailand. It has research and development centres in Pune, Jamshedpur, Lucknow, and Dharwad, India and in South Korea, Great Britain and Spain. Tata Motors' principal subsidiaries purchased the English premium car maker Jaguar Land Rover (the maker of Jaguar and Land Rover cars) and the South Korean commercial vehicle manufacturer Tata Daewoo. Tata Motors has a bus-manufacturing joint venture with Marcopolo S.A. (Tata Marcopolo), a construction-equipment manufacturing joint venture with Hitachi (Tata Hitachi Construction Machinery), and a joint venture with Fiat Chrysler which manufactures automotive components and Fiat Chrysler and Tata branded vehicles.

Founded in 1945 as a manufacturer of locomotives, the company manufactured its first commercial vehicle in 1954 in a collaboration with Daimler-Benz AG, which ended in 1969. Tata Motors entered the passenger vehicle market in 1991 with the launch of the Tata Sierra, becoming the first Indian manufacturer to achieve the capability of developing a competitive indigenous automobile. In 1998, Tata launched the first fully indigenous Indian passenger car, the Indica, and in 2008 launched the Tata Nano, the world's cheapest car. Tata Motors acquired the South Korean truck manufacturer Daewoo Commercial Vehicles Company in 2004 and purchased Jaguar Land Rover from Ford in 2008.

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An Effective Study on Promotional Activities of Nandini Milk

Sales promotion is an important component of a small business's overall marketing strategy, along with advertising, public relations, and personal selling. The American Marketing Association (AMA) defines sales promotion as "media and non-media marketing pressure applied for a predetermined, limited period of time in order to stimulate trial, increase consumer demand, or improve product quality." But this definition does not capture all the elements of modern sales promotion. One should add that effective sales promotion increases the basic value of a product for a limited time and directly stimulates consumer purchasing, selling effectiveness, or the effort of the sales force. It can be used to inform, persuade, and remind target customers about the business and its marketing mix. Some common types of sales promotion include samples, coupons, sweepstakes, contests, in-store displays, trade shows, price-off deals, premiums, and rebates.

Businesses can target sales promotions at three different audiences: consumers, resellers, and the company's own sales force. Sales promotion acts as a competitive weapon by providing an extra incentive for the target audience to purchase or support one brand over another. It is particularly effective in spurring product trial and unplanned purchases. Most marketers believe that a given product or service has an established perceived price or value, and they use sales promotion to change this price-value relationship by increasing the value and/or lowering the price. Compared to the other components of the marketing mix (advertising, publicity, and personal selling), sales promotion usually operates on a shorter time line, uses a more rational appeal, returns a tangible or real value, fosters an immediate sale, and contributes highly to profitability.

In determining the relative importance to place on sales promotion in the overall marketing mix, a small business should consider its marketing budget, the stage of the product in its life cycle, the nature of competition in the market, the target of the promotion, and the nature of the product. For example, sales promotion and direct mail are particularly attractive alternatives when the marketing budget is limited, as it is for many small businesses. In addition, sales promotion can be an effective tool in a highly competitive market, when the objective is to convince retailers to carry

Product or influence consumers to select it over those of competitors. 

Similarly, sales promotion is often used in the growth and maturity stages of the product life cycle to stimulate consumers and resellers to choose that product over the competition—rather than in the introduction stage, when mass advertising to build awareness might be more important. Finally, sales promotion tends to work best when it is applied to impulse items whose features can be judged at the point of purchase, rather than more complex, expensive items that might require hands-on demonstration.

At present in this competitive business world the milk industry has more brands in the battle field facing stiff competition in every segment’s targeted. Even brand Nandini is also facing stiff competition to retain brand in the market.

There are many players in the market in this industry and their own promotional strategies where is to inducing the different consumer segment. Hence due to this it is crucial to analyze the promotional strategies of Nandini and its competitors to penetrate the targeted market.

In this juncture it has to identify its competitors in this market by bringing brand awareness in the minds of consumers and also it has to cope up with the updated advertising and sales promotional strategies.

Through this study, the main problem that it studies during this project work is to find out the effectiveness of the reach of different sales promotion techniques to the consumers and the awareness of brand among the consumers of Hassan district.

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